{"id":2279,"date":"2015-07-23T21:00:47","date_gmt":"2015-07-23T21:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/?p=2279"},"modified":"2022-08-09T07:43:26","modified_gmt":"2022-08-09T07:43:26","slug":"innovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/2015\/07\/innovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">There is no debate that developing accurate accruals is a key tenet of an effective period-end closing process.\u00a0 However, this is one aspect of the close that has become quite unwieldy at a significant number of companies and, in some cases, has taken on a life of its own.\u00a0 Whether related to accrual thresholds that are too low or policies that are either inconsistent or unenforced, unnecessary accruals can be a costly exercise and a waste of valuable resources.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Recently, a Peeriosity Peercast<sup>TM<\/sup> featured a $50+ Billion technology company with over 100,000 employees that shared how they have been able to make the accrual process more streamlined and efficient and provided some insights and lessons learned that can be helpful to other companies in improving this important aspect of their Record-to-Report operation.\u00a0 With major manufacturing operations spread across the globe, this company faces a daunting challenge in ensuring that the accrual process allows the company to properly report its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/terms\/e\/earnings.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earnings<\/a>, without becoming a major burden to support the effort.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">One effective tactic utilized by the featured company to ensure the efficiency and standardization of the accrual process is the use of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/2019\/01\/defining-the-responsibilities-of-global-process-owners-gpo\/\">global process owner<\/a>.\u00a0 While there is a global process owner for the entire Record-to-Report process area, this company also utilizes secondary process owners for core processes, such as accruals, within a functional area.\u00a0 \u00a0This design allows for the primary process owner to be at a high enough level in the organization to be able to exercise the necessary influence to get things done, while also providing for focused leadership at a more granular process level.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The feature company then shared some of the specific tactics they use to ensure the accrual process is used effectively and according to company policy.\u00a0 One approach they take is called the \u201cShow Me Tests\u201d where a group of Shared Services employees travel to the different service centers across the globe twice a year and perform reasonableness testing of specific accounts, as well as a review of standards with personnel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Another tactic used in conjunction with the implementation of a global standardized policy for accruals is a formal process to carefully track and follow up on process deviations.\u00a0 Specific analysts are responsible for closely monitoring the accruals that are posted and tracking in detail policy exceptions.\u00a0 This helps to determine the root cause for this type of policy exception and allows the issue to be resolved in a timely manner so that it does not occur again.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A variety of additional tactics were shared by the featured company during the Peercast, including several in the areas of process improvement and training.\u00a0 Finally, they shared details around a corporate-wide entry that is booked at the end of the quarter to capture liabilities below their <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/2013\/09\/making-the-case-for-materiality-thresholds-in-intercompany-accounting\/\">materiality threshold<\/a>. The practice to recognize this liability is referred to as the Blanket Accrual Process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In conjunction with the Peercast<sup>TM<\/sup> were two iPolling<sup>TM<\/sup> questions.\u00a0 The first addressed how spending is accrued at the end of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/category\/general-accounting\/\">accounting period<\/a>.\u00a0 Looking at the results, having the financial system create the accrual-based upon each individual purchase order and\/or invoice was the most prevalent method, with 25% of the companies doing so.\u00a0 This was followed closely by having accrual preparers work directly with the business units to determine the amounts to be accrued (21%).\u00a0 In addition, 13% of the companies create an accrual outside the financial system using each individual purchase order and\/or invoice, while another 13% do the same, along with adding a materiality threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" 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\" alt=\"ipolling best response that describes how spending is accrued at the end of the period Streamline the Accrual Process\" width=\"625\" height=\"365\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The second polling question then looked at how liabilities that fall below the materiality threshold are handled as it relates to the accrual.\u00a0 For 53% of the responding companies, there is no accrual at all for expenses that fall into that category; while 18% are using a blanket accrual similar to that used by the featured company to ensure the impact of those expenses is accounted for properly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" 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alt=\"how are liabilities that fall below the materiality threshold handled Streamline the Accrual Process ipolling results\" width=\"613\" height=\"324\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Some of the comments from Peeriosity members related to the poll include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Manufacturing Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 Invoices on hand that is not entered into the system are accrued by each SSC. The accrual for goods &amp; services received, but not yet invoiced, where there is no GR transaction entered in the system is prepared to work with the businesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Energy &amp; Utilities Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 We have multiple aspects to our approach, including an SAP automated AP accrual for vendor invoices coded, but pending approval. Additionally, we have a general ledger manual accrual that is a sizable generic accrual based on refined estimates. We also, at the local level, have manual AP accruals based on goods\/services received, but not yet invoiced (based on PO) and based on vendor invoices in hand that have not been submitted for posting via the AP system. We do have a business practice governance document that sets a materiality threshold, but for all intent and purposes, the threshold is generally ignored and manual accruals are made for amounts at all levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Manufacturing Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 Our systems perform automatic accruals based on items received at the end of the period. Manual entries are performed for any items outside of the system process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals, Biotech Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 PO-related invoices are accrued through the financial system, regardless of materiality. Non-PO invoices are accrued manually above materiality thresholds based on automated reports that provide historical data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Manufacturing Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 Our system automatically accrues when a goods receipt is recorded against a purchase order. For items not supported by a P.O., we work with the businesses to identify necessary accruals. In those cases, we do apply a minimum threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Non-Profit Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 We accrue everything that has been entered into our Accounts Payable system. In addition, we manually accrue invoices over $10K paid after year-end that were not previously entered in AP before YE.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Non-Profit Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 The majority of expense accruals are generated by our systems at the end of the month. However, more detailed reviews are conducted on a quarterly basis which may result in additional accruals. There is no threshold on the system-generated accruals, but manual accruals are looked at from a materiality standpoint before booking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Consumer Products &amp; Services Member:\u00a0 <\/strong>We have two main accrual processes; one is automatic within the system and the other is manual. We use a minimum threshold for the manual accruals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Consumer Products &amp; Services Member:<\/strong>\u00a0 We have a combination of processes. Where there is a Purchase Order in place, if the requisitioner notes that they have received the goods\/services, but no invoice has been booked at period end, the system automatically books an accrual. If there is no PO, then each business unit has an approval process to go through to set up an appropriate accrual. For these &#8216;manual&#8217; accruals, we set a threshold and do not book any accrual for items below the threshold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong>Manufacturing Member: <\/strong>\u00a0Our financial system generates accruals for PO purchases. For non-PO purchases, an off-line accrual process is used at calendar quarters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">How effective is your company\u2019s accrual process?\u00a0 Are there further improvements to this critical process that can be put into place with a reasonable amount of time and effort?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Who are <em>your<\/em> peers and how are you collaborating with them?<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>___________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201cPeercasts<sup>TM<\/sup>\u201d are private, professionally facilitated webcasts that feature leading member company experiences on specific topics as a catalyst for broader discussion.\u00a0 Access is available exclusively to Peeriosity member company employees, with consultants or vendors prohibited from attending or accessing discussion content.\u00a0 Members can see who is registered to attend in advance, with discussion recordings, supporting polls, and presentation materials online and available whenever convenient for the member.\u00a0 Using Peeriosity\u2019s integrated email system, Peer Mail<sup>TM<\/sup>, attendees can easily communicate at any time with other attending peers by selecting them from the list of registered attendees.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201ciPolling<sup>TM<\/sup>\u201d is available exclusively to Peeriosity member company employees, with consultants or vendors prohibited from participating or accessing content. Members have full visibility of all respondents and their comments. Using Peeriosity\u2019s integrated email system, Peer Mail<sup>TM<\/sup>, members can easily communicate at any time with others who participated in iPolling.<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Peeriosity members are invited to log into <a href=\"http:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/\">www.peeriosity.com<\/a> to join the discussion and connect with Peers.\u00a0\u00a0 Membership is for practitioners only, with no consultants or vendors permitted.\u00a0 To learn more about Peeriosity, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/\">click here<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><span class='st_linkedin_large' st_title='Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process' st_url='https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peeriosity.com%2Fshared-services%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2Finnovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process%2F' displayText='linkedin'><\/span><span class='st_twitter_large' st_title='Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process' st_url='https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peeriosity.com%2Fshared-services%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2Finnovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process%2F' displayText='twitter'><\/span><span class='st_email_large' st_title='Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process' st_url='https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peeriosity.com%2Fshared-services%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2Finnovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process%2F' displayText='email'><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There is no debate that developing accurate accruals is a key tenet of an effective period-end closing process.\u00a0 However, this is one aspect of the close that has become quite unwieldy at a significant number of companies and, in some cases, has taken on a life of its own.\u00a0 Whether related to accrual thresholds that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<p><span class='st_linkedin_large' st_title='Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process' st_url='https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peeriosity.com%2Fshared-services%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2Finnovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process%2F' displayText='linkedin'><\/span><span class='st_twitter_large' st_title='Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process' st_url='https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peeriosity.com%2Fshared-services%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2Finnovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process%2F' displayText='twitter'><\/span><span class='st_email_large' st_title='Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process' st_url='https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peeriosity.com%2Fshared-services%2Farticles%2F2015%2F07%2Finnovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process%2F' displayText='email'><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v19.2 (Yoast SEO v19.13) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Streamline the Accrual Process: Innovative Tactics | Peeriosity, LLC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Streamlining the accrual process whether related to accrual thresholds that are too low or policies is important to avoid wasting resources\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/2015\/07\/innovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Innovative Tactics to Streamline the Accrual Process\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Streamlining the accrual process whether related to accrual thresholds that are too low or policies is important to avoid wasting resources\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.peeriosity.com\/shared-services\/articles\/2015\/07\/innovative-tactics-to-streamline-the-accrual-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Peeriosity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-07-23T21:00:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-09T07:43:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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